EXCERPTED FROM APA’s Psychotherapy and Older Adults Resource Guide
“Does therapy change when working with older clients?
…In short, the answer to the question of whether psychotherapy needs to be adapted for work with older adults is, Yes, but (mostly) NOT because they are older. That is, the major reasons for changing therapy when working with an older client are not due to developmental differences but to context effects, cohort effects, and specific challenges common in later life. Context effects require changes for older clients living in age specific contexts such as retirement communities and long term care settings as well as for clients who are seen in de facto age contexts such as hospitals and outpatient medical settings. Cohort effects require modifications because earlier born cohorts have different skills, different values, and different life experiences than later born cohorts. The specific challenges of later life require specific knowledge and therapeutic skills because of the problems they pose for clients, not because of the client’s age…
… seeing some older adults that are much like the other adults in one’s practice does not require much specialization. Seeing a lot of older adults, seeing older adults who have different problems, or seeing them in different settings requires specialized knowledge and supervised experience.
Bob G. Knight, PhD, University of Southern California, Updated: October 2009″
GENERAL
Böttche, M., Kuwert, P., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder in older adults: an overview of characteristics and treatment approaches. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27, 230–239.
Böttche, M., Kuwert, P., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder in older adults: an overview of characteristics and treatment approaches. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27, 230–239.
Deane, G., & Smith, H.S. (2008). Overview of Pain Management in Older Persons. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 24(2), 185–201.
Deane, G., & Smith, H.S. (2008). Overview of Pain Management in Older Persons. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 24(2), 185–201.
Duffy, M. (Ed.) (1999). Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with older adults . New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Duffy, M. (Ed.) (1999). Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with older adults . New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Karel, M.J., Ogland-Hand, S., and Gatz, M. with Jurgen Unutzer (2002). Assessing and treating late-life depression: A casebook and resource guide. New York: Basic Books.
Karel, M.J., Ogland-Hand, S., and Gatz, M. with Jurgen Unutzer (2002). Assessing and treating late-life depression: A casebook and resource guide. New York: Basic Books.
Karlin, B. E., Duffy, M., & Gleavs, D. H. (2008). Patterns and predictors of mental health service use and mental illness among older and younger adults in the United States. Psychological Services, 5, 275- 294.
Karlin, B. E., Duffy, M., & Gleavs, D. H. (2008). Patterns and predictors of mental health service use and mental illness among older and younger adults in the United States. Psychological Services, 5, 275- 294.
Knight, B.G. (2004). Psychotherapy with older adults (3 rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Knight, B.G. (2004). Psychotherapy with older adults (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Morales, P. (1999). The impact of cultural differences in psychotherapy with older clients: Sensitive issues and strategies. In M. Duffy (Ed .), The handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with older adults. New York: John Wiley.
Morales, P. (1999). The impact of cultural differences in psychotherapy with older clients: Sensitive issues and strategies. In M. Duffy (Ed .), The handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with older adults. New York: John Wiley.
Qualls, S.H., & Knight, B.G. (2006). Psychotherapy for depression in older adults . [Wiley Series in Clinical Geropsychology]. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
Qualls, S.H., & Knight, B.G. (2006). Psychotherapy for depression in older adults . [Wiley Series in Clinical Geropsychology]. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
SAMHSA: Treatment of Depression in Older Adults Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) KIT: http://store.samhsa.gov/product/Treatment-of-Depression-in-Older-Adults-Evidence-Based-Practices-EBP-KIT/SMA11-4631CD-DVD
SAMSHA: Treatment of Depression in Older Adults Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) KIT: http://store.samhsa.gov/product/Treatment-of-Depression-in-Older-Adults-Evidence-Based-Practices-EBP-KIT/SMA11-4631CD-DVD
Scogin, F. (2000). The first session with seniors: A step-by-step guide . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
Scogin, F. (2000). The first session with seniors: A step-by-step guide . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
Scogin, F., & Shah, A. (2012). Making evidence-based psychological treatments work with older adults . Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Scogin, F., & Shah, A. (2012). Making evidence-based psychological treatments work with older adults . Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Scogin, F., Welsh, D., Hanson, A., Stump, J., & Coates, A. (2005). Evidence-based psychotherapies for depression in older adults. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12 , 222-237.
Scogin, F., Welsh, D., Hanson, A., Stump, J., & Coates, A. (2005). Evidence-based psychotherapies for depression in older adults. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12 , 222-237.
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., Emery, G. (1987). Cognitive therapies of depression . New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., Emery, G. (1987). Cognitive therapies of depression . New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Brenes, G.A., Miller, M.E., Williamson, J.D., McCall, W.V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M.A., (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(8) 707-16. PMID: 22828172 PMCID: PMC3407971
Brenes, G.A., Miller, M.E., Williamson, J.D., McCall, W.V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M.A., (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(8) 707-16. PMID: 22828172 PMCID: PMC3407971
Clapp, J.D., & Beck, J.G. (2012). Treatment of PTSD in Older Adults: Do Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions Remain Viable? Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 126–135.
Clapp, J.D., & Beck, J.G. (2012). Treatment of PTSD in Older Adults: Do Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions Remain Viable? Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 126–135.
Cully, J.A., Paukert, A., Falco, J., & Stanley, M.A. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral therapy: Innovations for cardiopulmonary patients with depression and anxiety. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16 , 394-407.
Cully, J.A., Paukert, A., Falco, J., & Stanley, M.A. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral therapy: Innovations for cardiopulmonary patients with depression and anxiety. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16 , 394-407.
Feliciano, L., Segal, D. L. & Vair, C. L. (2011). Major depressive disorder. In K. H. Sorocco, & S. A. Lauderdale (Eds.), Cognitive behavioral therapy with older adults: Innovations across care settings (pp. 31-64). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Feliciano, L., Segal, D. L. & Vair, C. L. (2011). Major depressive disorder. In K. H. Sorocco, & S. A. Lauderdale (Eds.), Cognitive behavioral therapy with older adults: Innovations across care settings (pp. 31-64). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Gallagher-Thompson, D. & Thompson, L. W. (2009). Treating late life depression: A cognitive-behavioral therapy approach, therapist guide . Oxford: Oxford University.
Gallagher-Thompson, D. & Thompson, L. W. (2009). Treating late life depression: A cognitive-behavioral therapy approach, therapist guide . Oxford: Oxford University.
Gallagher-Thompson, D. G. Steffen, A. M., & Thompson, L. W. (2008). Handbook of behavioral and cognitive therapies with older adults . New York: Springer.
Gallagher-Thompson, D. G. Steffen, A. M., & Thompson, L. W. (2008). Handbook of behavioral and cognitive therapies with older adults . New York: Springer.
Granholm, E., McQuaid, J. R., Link, P. C., Fish, S., Patterson, T., & Jeste, D. V. (2008). Neuropsychological predictors of functional outcome in Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training for older people with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 100(1-3), 133-143. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.11.032
Granholm, E., McQuaid, J. R., Link, P. C., Fish, S., Patterson, T., & Jeste, D. V. (2008). Neuropsychological predictors of functional outcome in Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training for older people with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 100(1-3), 133-143. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.11.032
Granholm, E., McQuaid, J. R., McClure, F., Auslander, L. A., Perivoliotis, D., Pedrelli, P., & … Jeste, D. V. (2005). A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training for Middle-Aged and Older Outpatients With Chronic Schizophrenia. The American Journal Of Psychiatry, 162(3), 520-529. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.520
Granholm, E., McQuaid, J. R., McClure, F., Auslander, L. A., Perivoliotis, D., Pedrelli, P., & … Jeste, D. V. (2005). A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training for Middle-Aged and Older Outpatients With Chronic Schizophrenia. The American Journal Of Psychiatry, 162(3), 520-529. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.520
James, I. A. (2010). Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for those with and without Dementia . Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
James, I. A. (2010). Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for those with and without Dementia . Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Laidlaw, K., Thompson, L. W., Dick-Siskin, L., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2003). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Older People . Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons. (2 nd ed. expected in 2012)
Laidlaw, K., Thompson, L. W., Dick-Siskin, L., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2003). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Older People . Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons. (2 nd ed. expected in 2012)
Lau, A. & Kinoshita, L. (2006). Cognitive behavioral therapy with culturally diverse older adults. In P. Hayes & G. Y. Iwamasa (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavioral therapy. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association
Lau, A. & Kinoshita, L. (2006). Cognitive behavioral therapy with culturally diverse older adults. In P. Hayes & G. Y. Iwamasa (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavioral therapy. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association
Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Jaeger, U., Kachele, H., Kreische, R., Leweke, F. Ruger, U., Winkelbach, C., & Leibing, E. (2009) Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 875-881. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030441
Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., J aeger, U., Kachele, H., Kreische, R., Leweke, F. Ruger, U., Winkelbach, C., & Leibing, E. (2009) Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 875-881. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030441
Patterson, T. L., Mausbach, B. T., McKibbin, C., Goldman, S., Bucardo, J., & Jeste, D. V. (2006). Functional Adaptation Skills Training (FAST): A randomized trial of a psychosocial intervention for middle-aged and older patients with chronic psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia Research, 86, 291-299.
Patterson, T. L., Mausbach, B. T., McKibbin, C., Goldman, S., Bucardo, J., & Jeste, D. V. (2006). Functional Adaptation Skills Training (FAST): A randomized trial of a psychosocial intervention for middle-aged and older patients with chronic psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia Research, 86, 291-299.
Paukert, A.L., Phillips, L., Cully, J.A., Loboprabhu, S.M., Lomax, J.W., & Stanley, M.A. (2009). Integration of religion into cognitive behavioral therapy for geriatric anxiety and depression. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 15(2):103-112. PMID: 19339844
Paukert, A.L., Phillips, L., Cully, J.A., Loboprabhu, S.M., Lomax, J.W., & Stanley, M.A. (2009). Integration of religion into cognitive behavioral therapy for geriatric anxiety and depression. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 15(2):103-112. PMID: 19339844
Sorocco, KH & Lauderdale, S. (2001). Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Older Adults: Innovations Across Care Settings . New York, NY: Springer.
Sorocco, KH & Lauderdale, S. (2001). Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Older Adults: Innovations Across Care Settings . New York, NY: Springer.
Stanley, M. A., Diefenbach, G. J., Hopko, D.R. (2004). Cognitive behavioral treatment for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A therapist manual for primary care settings. Behavior Modification, 28, 73-117.
Stanley, M. A., Diefenbach, G. J., Hopko, D.R. (2004). Cognitive behavioral treatment for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A therapist manual for primary care settings. Behavior Modification, 28, 73-117.
Stanley, M. A., Beck, J., G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., Diefenbach, G. J., & Hopko, D. R. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 309-319. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.309
Stanley, M. A., Beck, J., G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., Diefenbach, G. J., & Hopko, D. R. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 309-319. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.309
Thompson, L. W., Dick-Siskin, L., Coon, D. W., Powers, D., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2009). Treating late life depression: A cognitive-behavioral therapy approach, workbook (Client Workbook). Oxford: Oxford University.
Thompson, L. W., Dick-Siskin, L., Coon, D. W., Powers, D., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2009). Treating late life depression: A cognitive-behavioral therapy approach, workbook (Client Workbook). Oxford: Oxford University.
Thorp, S. R., Sones, H. M., & Cook, J. M. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder among older adults. In K. H. Sorocco & S. Lauderdale (Eds.), Cognitive behavior therapy with older adults: Innovations across care settings (pp. 189-217). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Thorp, S. R., Sones, H. M., & Cook, J. M. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder among older adults. In K. H. Sorocco & S. Lauderdale (Eds.), Cognitive behavior therapy with older adults: Innovations across care settings (pp. 189-217). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Thorp, S. R., Stein, M. B., Jeste, D. V., Patterson, T. L., & Wetherell, J. L. (accepted for publication). Prolonged exposure therapy for older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Pilot study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.
Thorp, S. R., Stein, M. B., Jeste, D. V., Patterson, T. L., & Wetherell, J. L. (accepted for publication). Prolonged exposure therapy for older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Pilot study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.
INTERPERSONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
American Psychological Association (Producer). (2007). Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Older Adults with Depression . [DVD]. http://www.apa.org/pubs/videos/4310796.aspx
American Psychological Association (Producer). (2007). Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Older Adults with Depression . [DVD]. http://www.apa.org/pubs/videos/4310796.aspx
Hinrichsen, G.A. (2010). Sexual orientation issues in the context of interpersonal psychotherapy for late life depression. In N. Pachana, K. Laidlaw, and B. Knight (Eds.), Casebook of clinical geropsychology: International perspectives on practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hinrichsen, G.A. (2010). Sexual orientation issues in the context of interpersonal psychotherapy for late life depression. In N. Pachana, K. Laidlaw, and B. Knight (Eds.), Casebook of clinical geropsychology: International perspectives on practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hinrichsen, G.A., (2008). Interpersonal psychotherapy for late life depression: Current status and new applications. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 26 . 263-275. doi: 10.1007/s10942-008-0086-5
Hinrichsen, G.A., (2008). Interpersonal psychotherapy for late life depression: Current status and new applications. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 26 . 263-275. doi: 10.1007/s10942-008-0086-5
Hinrichsen, G.A., & Clougherty, K.F. (2006). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed older adults . Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Hinrichsen, G.A., & Clougherty, K.F. (2006). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed older adults . Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
PROBLEM-SOLVING THERAPY
Alexopoulos, G.S., Raue, P., & Areán, P. (2003). Problem-Solving Therapy Versus Supportive Therapy in Geriatric Major Depression With Executive Dysfunction. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11[1], 46–52.
Alexopoulos, G.S., Raue, P., & Areán, P. (2003). Problem-Solving Therapy Versus Supportive Therapy in Geriatric Major Depression With Executive Dysfunction. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11[1], 46–52.
Arean, P., Hegel, M., Vannoy, S., Fan, M., & Unuzter, J. (2008). Effectiveness of problem-solving therapy for older, primary care patients with depression: Results from the IMPACT project. The Gerontologist, 48, 311-323. doi:10.1093/geront/48.3.311
Arean, P., Hegel, M., Vannoy, S., Fan, M., & Unuzter, J. (2008). Effectiveness of problem-solving therapy for older, primary care patients with depression: Results from the IMPACT project. The Gerontologist, 48, 311-323. doi:10.1093/geront/48.3.311
Areán, P.A., Raue, P., Mackin, S., Kanellopoulos, D., McCulloch, C., & Alexopoulos, G.S. (2010). Problem-Solving Therapy and Supportive Therapy in Older Adults With Major Depression and Executive Dysfunction. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(11), 1391–1398.
Areán, P.A., Raue, P., Mackin, S., Kanellopoulos, D., McCulloch, C., & Alexopoulos, G.S. (2010). Problem-Solving Therapy and Supportive Therapy in Older Adults With Major Depression and Executive Dysfunction. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(11), 1391–1398.
BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION
Martell, C. R., Dimidjian, S., & Herman-Dunn, R. (2010). Behavioral activation for depression: A clinician’s guide . New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Martell, C. R., Dimidjian, S., & Herman-Dunn, R. (2010). Behavioral activation for depression: A clinician’s guide . New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Terri, L., Logsdon, R. C., Uomoto, J. & McCurry, S. M. (1997). Behavioral Treatment of Depression in Dementia Patients: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 52B (4), 159-166.
Terri, L., Logsdon, R. C., Uomoto, J. & McCurry, S. M. (1997). Behavioral Treatment of Depression in Dementia Patients: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 52B (4), 159-166.
PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY
Evans, S. (2004). Talking over the years: A handbook of psychodynamic psychotherapy with older people . New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
Evans, S. (2004). Talking over the years: A handbook of psychodynamic psychotherapy with older people . New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
Garner, J. (2002). Psychodynamic work and older adults. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8 , 128-135. doi:10.1192/apt.8.2.128
Garner, J. (2002). Psychodynamic work and older adults. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8 , 128-135. doi:10.1192/apt.8.2.128
Genevay, B., & Katz, R.S., (1990). Countertransference and older clients . Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Genevay, B., & Katz, R.S., (1990). Countertransference and older clients . Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Jaeger, U., Kachele, H., Kreische, R., Leweke, F. Ruger, U., Winkelbach, C., & Leibing, E. (2009) Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 875-881. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030441
Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., J aeger, U., Kachele, H., Kreische, R., Leweke, F. Ruger, U., Winkelbach, C., & Leibing, E. (2009) Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 875-881. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030441
Leigh, R. & Varghese, F. (2001). Psychodynamic psychotherapy with the elderly. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 7 , 229-237.
Leigh, R. & Varghese, F. (2001). Psychodynamic psychotherapy with the elderly. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 7 , 229-237.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Andersson, G., van Oppen, P. (2008). Psychotherapy for depression in adults: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76 , 909-922. doi: 10.1037/a0013075.supp
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Andersson, G., van Oppen, P. (2008). Psychotherapy for depression in adults: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76 , 909-922. doi: 10.1037/a0013075.supp
DeRubeis, R. J., Gelfand, L. A., Tang, T. Z., & Simons, A. D. (1999). Medications versus cognitive behavior therapy for severely depressed outpatients: Mega-analysis of four randomized comparisons. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1007-1013. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.6.1025-a
DeRubeis, R. J., Gelfand, L. A., Tang, T. Z., & Simons, A. D. (1999). Medications versus cognitive behavior therapy for severely depressed outpatients: Mega-analysis of four randomized comparisons. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1007-1013. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.6.1025-a
Gatz, M., Fiske, A., Fox, L.S., Kaskie, B., Kasl-Godley, J. E., McCallum, T. J., & Loebach Wetherell, J. (1998). Empirically validated psychological treatments for older adults. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 4 . 9-46.
Gatz, M., Fiske, A., Fox, L.S., Kaskie, B., Kasl-Godley, J. E., McCallum, T. J., & Loebach Wetherell, J. (1998). Empirically validated psychological treatments for older adults. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 4 . 9-46.
Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Jaeger, U., Kachele, H., Kreische, R., Leweke, F. Ruger, U., Winkelbach, C., & Leibing, E. (2009) Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 875-881. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030441
Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., J aeger, U., Kachele, H., Kreische, R., Leweke, F. Ruger, U., Winkelbach, C., & Leibing, E. (2009) Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 875-881. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030441